World's oldest human DNA found in 800,000-year-old tooth of a cannibal

[Judi Lynn]

By Brandon Specktor - Senior Writer 2 days ago

A protein analysis suggests the supposed cannibal species Homo antecessor was distantly related to humans and Neanderthals.



Skeletal remains of Homo antecessor — an archaic relative of modern humans — found in Spain.
(Image: © Prof. José María Bermúdez de Castro)

In 1994, archaeologists digging in the Atapuerca Mountains in southern Spain discovered the fossilized remains of an archaic group of humans unlike any other ever seen. The bones were cut and fractured, and appeared to have been cannibalized. The largest skeletal fragments — which came from at least six individuals and dated to at least 800,000 years ago — shared some similarities with modern humans (Homo sapiens), plus other now-extinct human relatives like Neanderthals and Denisovans, but were just different enough to defy classification as any known species.

Researchers ultimately named the previously unknown hominins Homo antecessor, borrowing the Latin word for "predecessor." Because the bones were among the oldest Homo fossils ever found in Europe, some researchers speculated that H. antecessor may have been the elusive common ancestor of Neanderthals, Denisovans and modern humans. Now, a new study of H. antecessor's DNA — the single oldest sample of human genetic material ever analyzed — argues that that's probably not the case.

In the study, published April 1 in the journal Nature, researchers sequenced the ancient proteins in the enamel of an 800,000-year-old H. antecessor tooth, using the proteins to decipher the portion of genetic code that created them. After comparing that code with genetic data from more recent human tooth samples, the team concluded that H. antecessor's DNA was too different to fit on the same branch of the evolutionary tree as humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans.

Rather, the team wrote, H. antecessor was probably a "sister species" of the shared ancestor that led to the evolution of modern humans and our extinct hominin cousins.

More:
https://www.livescience.com/oldest-human-ancestor-dna-homo-antecessor.html